I’m sure they would, but I would say to Dai Lloyd that they’re not necessarily his friends, because I think they travel a long distance, and they’re probably as much Irish and Breton friends as they are Welsh friends. But it just shows the marine environment is there to be protected. And I think if anyone has undertaken a beach clean—and perhaps Dai Lloyd would like to consider a beach clean—they will know how many bits of plastic and returns from bottles are picked up at that stage.

Now, Germany’s deposit-return scheme is the most successful in the world. That’s been in place since 2003. A charge of 25 euro cent is applied to all drink containers apart from milk and fruit and vegetable juices. As a result, 98.5 per cent of refillable bottles are returned by consumers, and this is the point: the quality of recovered material is good enough to guarantee that an old bottle will become a new bottle. So, though we succeed in recycling at the moment, the advantage of a deposit-return scheme is the saving of resource, as well, and less waste. This has also helped to remove 1 billion to 2 billion one-way containers from Germany’s bins and streets.

It’s also the trend that is increasingly growing. I didn’t want to bring rubbish into the Chamber, Deputy Presiding Officer, and I did have to prepare this last night—myself, personally—but, if you buy some trendy beer or hipster ale these days, you’ll find that it often has a 10 cent refund for any state or territory—this is for international sales in Australia and the United States. So, this is the trend that’s already happening—we need only to follow that trend, and, as they say, work with it.

However, not everything can be recycled, and to reach zero waste—or reuse, indeed—we will eventually need to ensure that all packaging used in Wales is recyclable. One of the main causes of litter is, in fact, polystyrene packaging, which is not recyclable and cannot be reused, as it’s often used for food packaging, of course. Whilst other more environmentally friendly materials can be used, many cafes, shops, and fast-food outlets use polystyrene packaging for drinks and takeaways because it’s cheaper. Figures from the Bevan Foundation demonstrated that an online wholesaler offered 500 large polystyrene burger boxes for £21.12, whereas the biodegradable burger boxes are sold at £44.48 for 500.

So, there’s little incentive currently for retailers to use environmentally friendly alternatives, which include biodegradable containers, refillable containers, and even edible containers, which are now possible. It may not be possible or necessary to follow many states and cities in the USA and ban polystyrene packaging in Wales, although I am personally tempted to think along those lines, but we can look closer to home at our own successful single-use carrier bag charge, introduced by the Welsh Government in October 2011. According to a review commissioned by the Welsh Government and published in March 2016, between the introduction of the 5p charge in 2011 and 2014, there was an estimated 70 per cent reduction in the use of single-use carrier bags in Wales. So, a similar charge on polystyrene food and drink containers could be paid by the retailer or passed on to the consumer and lead to a similar decline in use.

It’s very interesting that, when the Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Local Government came to the Finance Committee in Newport last week—I think it was last week, or it might have been the week before; I can’t remember exactly when now—he talked about using the new powers in the Wales Act 2017 to introduce innovative taxes. And, of course, one of the proposals from the Bevan Foundation and others is a polystyrene charge in Wales, as just such an innovative tax.

So, many stakeholders, from the marine and environmental sectors to people like the Bevan Foundation, are calling for a tax on polystyrene to reduce its use, or even to drive out its use with more environmentally friendly alternatives. I think such legislation could deal with and help reduce waste enormously in Wales, but, more importantly, put us at the forefront of thinking in a European context.