1. What assessment has the Cabinet Secretary made of the public health impact of failing to develop sustainable alternatives to cars for getting children to school in urban areas? OAQ(5)0191(HWS)

Thank you. The health benefits of sustainable transport modes are clearly evidenced. These include better air quality and mental and physical health and well-being. Journeys to school are a focus for our effort to increase the use of sustainable transport, with substantial investment in walking and cycling routes to schools, funding for pedestrian and cycle training, and promotion of active travel.

We’re raising this issue, coincidentally, on the day when the air pollution in Cardiff is at dangerous levels because of the combination of ozone levels and the particulates from vehicles. Professor Sir David King, who’s the former chief scientific adviser to the UK Government, recently said that children sitting in the back seats of vehicles are likely to be exposed to dangerous levels of air pollution in a box collecting toxic gases from all the vehicles around you’.

Professor Stephen Holgate, an asthma expert at Southampton University and chair of the Royal College of Physicians’ working party on air pollution, said that there’s enough evidence to tell parents that walking and cycling exposes their children to less air pollution than driving. There’s a nine to 12 times higher a risk of air pollution inside the car than outside. They’re in the back of the car, mainly, children, and, if the fan is on, they’re just sucking the fresh exhaust coming out of the car or lorry in front of them straight into the back of the car’.

We know from the research that we’ve already got that this increases the risk of reducing the growth of their lungs, of becoming asthmatic. There is also some growing concern that it may stunt children’s ability to learn at school and may damage their DNA.

This is pretty substantive evidence, so I wondered what advice your public health experts give to headteachers, who can, in turn, pass it on to parents, to make it clear to people that it is much safer for them to walk and cycle to school than it is to take their children in a car.

Thank you very much for those points. Jenny does paint a very stark picture of the dangers posed by air pollution and, by contrast, the benefits offered by active travel, in terms of health, environment and the financial benefits of walking and cycling as well. We’re making good progress now in the implementation of our Active Travel (Wales) Act 2013. I’m really pleased that our local authorities are on course by November to provide us with their integrated network maps, and those will, for the very first time, give us integrated plans for 142 of the largest places in Wales. I think that this will be exciting news, particularly for those in Cardiff and in your constituency as well.

Public Health Wales’s ‘Making a Difference’ report does identify that cycling and walking in urban areas could actually save the NHS nearly £1 billion in Wales over the next 20 years. So, as well as having that personal benefit in terms of health, there’s actually a benefit for the wider NHS as well.

I’m really pleased with the work that we are doing with an organisation called Living Streets. The Welsh Government has funded them with pilot funding for three projects to look at the barriers to children and families walking to school. They’ve just used what they’ve learned through that to provide a resource for schools in order to enable them to explore, with the children themselves, but also with the families, what’s preventing children walking to that particular school. I’d be more than happy, when that resource is ready, to send copies to all Assembly Members and we can all promote it in our own communities as well.

Likewise, there’s great exciting work going on with an organisation called Sustrans, who I’m sure that you’re really familiar with, through their active journeys programme as well. So, all of this links in very much to the promotion and the prominence that we are giving to active travel, and I’m really pleased to start to see the benefits of this Act.

Minister, the European Urban Audit placed Cardiff as the highest ranking UK city, the sixth most liveable capital city in Europe. Copenhagen was first: 45 per cent of inhabitants there ride to work. As part of the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015, will you set targets for our cities and other urban areas for the number of non-motorised journeys? That would be a good action under the FGA.

Thank you very much for that question. Obviously, that would be a matter for the Minister with responsibility in this area to consider—

Oh, lord. The best you can do. [Laughter.]

I am continuing with my answer to let you know that, under the WFG Act, the public health outcome framework does have an indicator that specifically relates to making the average concentration of nitrogen dioxide at dwellings one of Wales’s national well-being and public health framework outcomes. So, it’s very much at the centre in terms of what we would expect in terms of data collection and our ambitions in that area. So, you can be as sarcastic as you like, but you wouldn’t expect me to make commitments in a different—

Your boss is the well-being Minister, thank you very much.

You wouldn’t expect me to make commitments that relate to another portfolio.

Question 2 [OAQ(5)0174(HWS)] is withdrawn. Question 3, Steffan Lewis.