Thank you for the questions. It comes back to the challenge of how responsible the United Kingdom Government are prepared to be, both in the negotiation on the terms of a deal to leave the European Union, but also about what then happens afterwards with the way that funding is used within the United Kingdom.

I think part of the challenge is that there's a question about money. There's also a question about knowledge as well. So, we do overachieve, from a United Kingdom point of view, in a way that research moneys are allocated, and I think it would be incredibly difficult to replicate that sum of money without a UK Government willingness to put extra funding into the research community here. Thus far, it's been difficult to persuade the United Kingdom Government to give any sort of commitment on those terms, let alone for the Governments of the United Kingdom to have a role in helping to design that framework. But, actually, I'm just as worried about people who are mobile and who are sought-after and desirable people when it comes to other countries as well, and the opportunity to carry on working in your chosen field or speciality, the real expertise you can have, and for people to go to other parts of the world. We actually attract people into this country because of the research expertise that we have. And those people: there is every prospect that we will lose some of them and the knowledge that they have—not just the money, but the knowledge that they have—to other countries. In particular, of course, the irony is that many of these people actually come from within the European Union to come to institutions here within the United Kingdom. So, we should not assume those people are guaranteed to stay regardless of what happens in terms of the deal, regardless of the funding.

I'll make one further point about what you mentioned about clinical trials. The European Union is about to have a European Union-wide framework of clinical trials, where people enter from different parts of Europe to make that collaboration easier. The United Kingdom helped to write the rules for that. We help to design that framework to make it easier to do so. If we then place ourselves outside it, we make it even more difficult to take part, even less likely we'll be able to take part, and that will disadvantage people here in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom. That's why I say there has to be a dose of reality and some honesty about not agreeing a deal, and what that means, because, very quickly, we will see the suffering that we will cause, and it's all wholly avoidable.