I'm pleased to take part in this debate. About immunisation in the first place, vaccination, there is a remarkable success story here of medical research, because for decades now we've thought immunisation is only really any good in preventing infection. Now, in the last few years, we've found a vaccination that stops cancer. It's an amazing step change, and when I first heard that news about 15 years ago or more—it really has a tremendous effect on how, as a doctor, you think of the world. We think of immunisation just stopping infection; you're stopping that annual slaughter of diphtheria and tetanus and stuff that filled our old cemeteries and old chapels in Wales, and now, all of a sudden, you immunise and you can stop cancer. It's amazing. It really is a step change, and sometimes we forget that we ought to marvel at certain things that we've discovered. 

Obviously, human papillomavirus is the virus in question here. It's sexually transmitted and, obviously, this vaccine stops, obviously, the infection, but it stops the cancers developing. It is really, really amazing, particularly in terms of we're on about the cost-benefit analysis, and, in boys, in men, it's about preventing head and neck cancers. These are significant cancers with huge cost implications in terms of fairly horrific, disfiguring surgery, because it usually presents late: you have a lump on the side of your throat, behind your tongue, in all sorts of crevices that we can't see until there's a late presentation. There's a horrendous, huge cost to each individual presentation of a head and neck cancer that has to be brought into this formula of how we judge whether something is cost-effective or not: if they've had their HPV vaccine, they will not be developing that head and neck cancer. Because the overwhelming rise in—. The figures I've got here, there's been a 63 per cent increase in the last decade in oral and oropharyngeal cancers in men in Wales. Those are the figures, and that rise is associated with the rise in HPV infection. So, we can do something about that by vaccinating the boys tomorrow. 

This is the prevention agenda supreme, as Angela Burns pointed out. The girls are already getting vaccinated. The boys could be as well. Cervical cancer faces eradication. It's amazing, isn't it? You're talking about cervical cancer in women facing eradication by this vaccination programme, and we should be offering the same to young men. As they grow older, we could sort out head and neck cancer, which is a horrific, destructive cancer, with huge cost implications that have obviously not been factored into all the cost analysis. So, here's a vaccine that prevents cancer in women, here's a vaccine that international experience shows prevents cancer in men as well. So, girls have it; boys should have it too. Diolch yn fawr.