Can I thank the Minister very much for her statement? I welcome lots of the comments and, obviously, the tenure of the contributions this afternoon. Obviously, concentrating on the historical connotations in the first place, it was the Rev Griffith Jones of Llanddowror in Carmarthenshire who established circulating Sunday schools in the eighteenth century as a template for all modern schools. And such was the success of those circulating schools, it made Wales one of the most literate of European countries of all, at that time, in the mid-eighteenth century, such that Catherine the Great, the Empress of Russia, sent an envoy here to little old Wales to discover how those schools operated. You might not find that on your Google search, which is why we do need to teach Welsh history in our Welsh schools. So, I would make that plea, but, obviously, I've made that before.

In terms of time, I'm just going to concentrate on one point in your White Paper, and it is a point already alluded to by Suzy and by Siân Gwenllian. It's with regard to the duty on all schools—I see under section 3.79 here, bullet point 4:

'Duty on all schools and Funded Nursery Settings to teach English as a compulsory element of the new curriculum for Wales.'

I can understand where that comes from from an equality point of view, but it actually does not happen at the moment. I think it would be a backward step if our Welsh-medium nurseries, playgroups and early years in schools actually started introducing English now because this is about immersion of language. It is an unequal situation at the moment. I speak as a chair of governors of a Welsh-medium primary school in Swansea, where 92 per cent of the children come from a non-Welsh-speaking background. They depend for their Welsh learning on the school. So, only 8 per cent of them have some Welsh at home, and, in fact, only half of those have one parent. So, in other words, 4 per cent have one parent speaking Welsh. So, 92 per cent have a totally non-Welsh background. It is an unequal situation then, because it's about early language learning and immersion in that language.

The school that I'm now the chair of governors—previously, over 20 years ago, it was a bilingual school. It wasn't a Welsh-medium school, it was bilingual—English and Welsh. What we discovered was that some of the children did not always end up fluent in Welsh by the age of 11. Now they do. They start off, everything is in Welsh, English is introduced at seven—by 11, everybody is bilingual, coming from the 92 per cent non-Welsh-speaking background or not. And, obviously, it is easier to learn another language like French, Spanish and German, especially introduced at primary level. So, I would implore you—all international experience about learning language in a minority situation that we are in now, it is not equal, and we have to redress that inequality by making sure it's Welsh-only up until the age of seven, and then you also introduce other languages after that, because they have the overwhelming English influence at home, all around them, on television. They depend on the school for that Welsh. Look again, please, Minister, at section 3.79. Diolch yn fawr.