Thank you, Dr Dai. I do take your advice, I do have quite a low blood pressure level. I bicycle to the Senedd most days and I find it very beneficial. If I don't, I don't feel as well. Cardiff is the fastest growing city in Europe, and over the next 20 years we're going to have an extra 40,000 homes, making it a third larger than it is now. Given the already unacceptable levels of air pollution we already have, it's imperative that we change the way we travel around the city. Otherwise, this bigger, expanding city will become completely unliveable and the golden goose will have been cooked.

So, no change is not an option in my view. I'm completely delighted that Natural Resources Wales has teamed up with Cardiff Council to get pupils measuring the level of pollution in their playground—a very powerful tool. I'm sure it won't make comfortable reading. Six schools in my constituency, nine across the city, already have illegal levels of air pollution. That knowledge will give pupils the clout that they need to ensure that not just that they change but that the adults all around them are changing too. Because we know that nearly half the children surveyed by Sustrans back in 2010 wanted to cycle to school, but only 4 per cent were allowed to do it—of the ones who were surveyed. It was obviously a bit self-selecting because, as we've already heard from Huw Irranca, only 1 per cent cycle to school. It's because parents say, 'There's too much traffic for our children to walk to school, so we drive them.' But by doing so, they add to those very same traffic levels that deter children from walking or cycling to school. This circular argument is completely unsustainable.

One of primary schools in my constituency recently banned children from leaving their bikes and scooters on the school premises. This is the same school where adults use the lanes at the back of the main road as a rat run and displace pedestrians and the occasional cyclist off the path—a clear example of how people are absolutely doing the wrong thing, and even imposing their wrong behaviour on others who are doing the right thing.

So, people take their kids to school in a car, exposing them to more traffic fumes in the car than by walking or cycling, and also make it more unpleasant for those who are doing the right thing. These so-called 'school runs'—no running involved—account for 60 per cent of the pollution that children take in each day and generate 20 to 30 per cent of rush hour traffic. We'll be able to see next week the difference when there'll be far fewer cars on the road as a result of half term.

So, we are absolutely a very long way off from Cardiff's target for over 50 per cent of journeys to be made by bike, foot or public transport. Getting people to leave their car at home for commuting to work and school is the quickest, most effective way of tackling this major public health problem, as well as tackling our carbon targets. With polluted air killing more people every year than road accidents, we know that we have to do something about it. In particular in relation to children, damage to the lungs in early age is irreversible. Children breathing in dirty air is linked to chronic chest problems later in life. So, we have an obligation, all of us adults who make decisions on behalf of children, to change the way we're doing things. So, active travel to school is absolutely key to this, and I'm delighted that Cardiff Council has now dedicated £100,000 to ensure all schools in Cardiff have active travel plans by next year, 2020. That will be very important, because at the moment we have lots of fine words in the local development plan, and indeed in the Cardiff Council cycling strategy, but actually what's happening is the opposite.

We have to take leaves out of other cities who have banned parents from dropping children off at the gate of school—it's very dangerous for children who are walking to school anyway—and forcing people to park and stride the last part of the journey. I'm not clear how Cardiff Council is going to achieve this. It's no use having active travel plans for each school if they don't have the resources to then implement them and make them safer for everybody. So, my question to Government is: when Cardiff Council submits a business plan to you detailing the actions they're obliged to achieve to comply with the EU ambient air quality limits this June, what will the Government do if it doesn't include a clean air zone, which is what would give councils the resources—like Cardiff—to actually implement the good intentions that they now have?