Part of the debate – in the Senedd at 6:40 pm on 5 June 2019.
I want to use this opportunity to focus on one aspect, which is children in poverty. I know that other people have also mentioned it, but I just wanted to look at the way in which we look after our children.
Prue Leith, one of the most iconic cookery experts, said at the Hay Festival last week that food is a demonstration of love and, frankly, we don't love our children enough, because too many families don't cook meals and rely instead on pre-prepared dishes that are often adulterated with sugar, salt and fat to increase their profits.
Poverty is a really complex issue, because although class, as John quite rightly said, is a major determinant, nevertheless there are different people within the working class who have different responses to the challenges of low wages, of inadequate schooling and all the rest of it. So, it's a really complex issue. The power of the advertising industry is certainly a factor in this issue, and the way it comes back to the Government's strategy is that school meals are often the only proper meal that many children get. And then, as the Bevan Foundation's 'Holiday Hunger' report has pointed out, the problem becomes acute in the holidays, when that school meal is no longer available.
Now, the school holiday enrichment programme, which was trialled only two or three years ago, has been very successful in demonstrating that it really does have a major impact on those children who take part in it. Food Cardiff did some research that showed that one third of those children had gone without a meal the previous day before they came to the Food and Fun holiday scheme. So, while it's fantastic that the new Welsh Government has committed a further £400,000 to this scheme, it is a drop in the ocean when we look at the actual statistics. Some 2,500 schoolchildren benefited from this system last summer; hopefully, there'll be a lot more this summer. But it really isn't touching the at least 76,000 children who are eligible for free school meals in Wales and the 160,000 to 180,000 children who are living in relative poverty, many of them in working households.
We know that getting a job is the best route out of poverty. Seventy per cent of children are living in workless households, 35 per cent in families where there is one earner, and 15 per cent even in households where there are two wage earners. So, part of that is down to the rubbish wages that some employers pay. I met a man on the street in my constituency this morning who told me that he was offered a job for £4.50 an hour in a restaurant. This is completely illegal, because it's about half the minimum wage. But I'm sure that that is what many companies are getting away with because there isn't enough enforcement going on.
I just want to look at who is actually eligible for a free school meal, because we know that, on school census day in 2017-18, fewer than half the children who live in relative income poverty and are in full-time education in Wales actually received a free school meal, and one quarter of the children who were eligible for a free school meal didn't eat one. Even some of the ones who were actually signed up as being eligible didn't actually take it up. So, this is a really complicated problem.
Who is eligible today, now that we have not just income support and employment and support allowance, but also universal credit? Well, the Welsh Government had to restrict those on universal credit to those with a net earnings threshold of £7,400 after housing costs had been taken into consideration. It's a very blunt instrument, because a household where there are two adults and one child needs less income than a household where there are two adults and three children. So, by setting a cap that only considers earned income, the Welsh Government, unfortunately, is exacerbating poverty in larger families, a group that are already at greater risk of living in poverty.
There are lots of different ways in which we could tackle the issues of inadequate diet in health, educational attainment being lower, as well as the really challenging problem we have of obesity. But we live in a country where one third of all the food produced never reaches the table; it's thrown away. So, there has to be a way in which we can resolve this problem and we have to look at what we can do to resolve it, because the difference between local authorities about who gets a free school meal, even if they're in debt on their cashless system in secondary schools, there's a huge difference in that, and there's a huge difference in the level of school meal debt between different local authorities—from £770 in Rhondda Cynon Taf to a whacking £85,000 in Gwynedd.