Part of the debate – in the Senedd at 6:40 pm on 29 January 2020.
But there is no 200-mile—it doesn't exist as far as the UK is concerned. How can it? You've got Ireland on one side; you have the Scandinavian countries on the other; France is 20 miles away from the UK. So, the 200-mile limit exists as part of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea from 1982, but only if there's no other country in the way, and the UK is hemmed in. And, of course, the problem that that creates as well is that, while it's correct to say that other fishing vessels might not be able to access UK waters, it also means that UK fishing vessels will now not be able to access any of the waters within the EU, including most of the Irish sea, because most of that will be controlled by the EU because it's within the Republic of Ireland's territorial waters. So, it will be absolutely crucial that there's joint management of fisheries in the future.
The stocks will not recover overnight; I think that's fairly clear. If we look at the Grand Banks as an example, decades is what it would take for those stocks to recover, the cod stocks that were once so plentiful. And so, I am worried that the fishing industry will think that, suddenly, overnight, things will go back to what they used to be. That will not happen. A lot of our processes, particularly if we look at Grimsby, and the story about Grimsby last week, rely on imported fish to be able to process. If they don't get access to those fish, they cannot process. Now, it may be that they can substitute in the longer term, but they can't substitute in the shorter term for not being able to access those fish.
If we look at Welsh fisheries, 90 per cent of our fish is exported. It's not in our interest to export further than Europe, because it's fish at the end of the day, and if you're going to export fresh fish, there is a limit to how far you can take it. It's not just tariffs that are a problem, it is delay. Any kind of delay, obviously with fish, means that you end up with a lorry full of fish that's gone off and no use to anybody. And the reality is that the Welsh fishing industry would collapse without having the same kind of access time-wise to the European market as it does now, quite simply because a lot of people in Britain don't eat the fish that's exported—razor clams are one example; it's very rarely you'll see those for sale in Wales, but it's a very big fishery as far as the Spanish market is concerned.
So, we do need to approach this with a dose of reality. I entirely agree with the need for sustainable fisheries management, but I do think there will be pressure from some in the fishing community to move to something that is unsustainable because it can now be done more easily. I'd certainly caution all Ministers in the UK against going down that line, and, again, emphasise that having access to the European market is absolutely crucial to our fishing industry in Wales. And let's not raise expectations that can't be met. Yes, of course, let's promote our fisheries; let's of course promote sustainability in our fisheries, but let's of course be real. The decline started many, many decades before we entered the EU, and let's be careful about what we say to people in our fishing communities so that their expectations are not raised unrealistically, and, of course, they become angry as a result.