As far as returning to normal activities in the health service, we have used part of the headroom that we have had over the last four cycles to begin to return the health service to its more usual activities—it's why we've been able to reopen services in the community; it's why we've been able to reopen screening services. The very hard end will be operations of the sort that Rhun ap Iorwerth referred to. Productivity in an orthopaedic theatre in pre-COVID times was up to eight operations in a day. Under COVID conditions, that will fall to three operations a day. That is a real challenge, and it's a real challenge to every health service that, with all the protections we will have to put in place in future to prevent additional risks to patients and to staff, even if our theatres are working flat out, they will not be able to carry out the number of operations that were previously planned and expected.

That will be a challenge for the health service going into the winter particularly, and will require conversations between patients and their clinicians, but there is no easy answer to it and it is not for lack of effort on the part of clinicians or health boards to resume those activities. It's just that, in a coronavirus context, it simply isn't possible to return to the sort of working practices that were safe back in January and February of this year.