Thank you very much, Llywydd, and thank you to everyone who's contributed to this debate. The intention from Plaid Cymru in putting forward this debate was to ensure that there was an understanding that the current situation has reached a crisis point in terms of affordable homes—a situation that is intensifying, particularly because of the circumstances we're currently living under. I was very pleased to see the Minister acknowledging that it's not just a problem for the north and the west—it's a problem for the whole of Wales. But in listing some of the things that the Government is doing, one does have to remind oneself that the steps that have been taken are insufficient because the crisis wouldn't have reached the pitch that it has. So, as the Minister will recognise, I'm sure, there is a great deal more that needs to be done, because we are seeing another wave coming towards us—people are buying homes in rural areas, pushing local people out of the local market, and as a result they're pushing people out of their local communities. And as was said at the very beginning of this debate, it's an issue of social justice as much as anything else.

The Labour and Conservative amendments are disappointing, and you just have to look at the first two words of both amendments, which is to delete everything—'delete all'. Through supporting the Labour amendment, we wouldn't be acknowledging the crisis and there would be too ambiguous a promise made, then, to deal with the problems later on, and in supporting the Conservative amendment, we would be deleting any specific reference to using the planning system and the taxation system to get to grips with the problem. Well, those are the two most powerful tools that we have to get to grips with the issues.

From the point of view of using taxation powers, there is an opportunity to do two things: first of all, making the purchase of a second home to be used as a holiday home less attractive, and, as a result, ensuring that there is more housing available within the residential housing stock. But, if they are then purchased as second homes, we should ensure that revenue is there to compensate the local community for things such as investment in social housing. And from the point of view of the planning system, we've seen it happening in other areas, and I am particularly eager for us to reform the classification of use in the planning system, as has happened in Scotland, in Northern Ireland, and as should happen, of course, in Wales.

In 2016, the classification of specific use for HMOs was created to differentiate between them and residential properties. And then, of course, you can start to control how many HMOs you have in a particular community. Well, it's the same principle exactly here in the proposals with regard to second homes, too. That would enable you then to set a cap, in consultation with the local community, to recognise what the appropriate level is, which will vary from one part of the nation to the other, but the principle is the same.

Now, Rhun referred to one factor that is becoming an increasing problem, namely the huge increase that we've seen in properties listed as holiday homes on Airbnb and other platforms, and some of the statistics are frightening. According to one analysis, there are approximately 3,800 homes being used for that kind of use in Gwynedd alone, 3,400 in Pembrokeshire and 1,500 in Cardiff. There are only 2,700 in the whole of Greater Manchester, which has a population similar to that of Wales. So, that points to level of the problem. Analysis suggest that that 3,800 has increased in just 12 months from 2,000 in Gwynedd, so it's almost doubled in a year. And we've already heard that almost 40 per cent of the homes sold in Gwynedd last year were bought as second homes. So, if that isn't the basis to consider something as a crisis, then I don't know what people's definition of a crisis is. 

And there are solutions worldwide. We've heard about many of them, and I could add Amsterdam, Palma, Prague, Paris, Berlin, Barcelona—they've all got to grips with specific issues with regard to Airbnb. But more widely in terms of second homes: Singapore, Israel, Ontario in Canada, Aotearoa, Switzerland—of course, we know what's happened in some of the cantons there—Denmark, as we heard earlier, Austria, Bolzano in Italy. Closer to home, Guernsey, of course, has created a housing market that has two tiers, and I think that's an option worth looking at. And Cornwall is also an example that is referred to very often. Other nations and regions have taken action and they've shown that there are solutions that we could adopt.

I don't know how many of you saw the article in The Times a few weeks ago—perhaps you can't see this clearly, but what it says is: