Part of 2. Questions to the Minister for Housing and Local Government – in the Senedd at 2:39 pm on 3 February 2021.
Thank you for that, Delyth. Sorry, the sound was very bad there, but I think I got the gist of the question. Forgive me if I missed a nuance.
As you know, we've got a cross-party working group of people looking at the complexity of the second homes issue. I'm certainly aware that Plaid Cymru have put a plan up. A number of us have been working on a number of solutions that might present themselves. I'm pleased to say that, of course, we already have made a lot of steps towards this in Wales, including, as you know, the ability for councils locally to ratchet up the council tax on second homes or unoccupied homes as they see fit. At this point in time, no council in Wales has actually put it up to the 200 per cent, although I understand that Swansea council is currently considering doing so.
The loophole, as you call it—I'm not sure I agree it's a loophole, but I understand the issue that you're raising. This is for people who rent out a second property in their ownership for a particular number of days a year, having advertised it for another number. We are looking very carefully to see whether that number of days—70 and 140 at the moment—should be extended to be a much longer period; in other words, you have to use the house as a holiday house for a lot longer in order to be able to flip to commercial rates. And we're also looking to see what can be done about the access to small business rate relief by people who do that, because that's another issue.
I just think it is worth emphasising, though, because it's a common misapprehension—I'm not saying you have it, Delyth; I know you haven't—that councils do not lose out themselves in their funding when people go to business rates and claim small business rate relief, because the Welsh Government makes up the shortfall in that funding to the local authority, although I do understand that there's an equity issue for local people about who is paying the council tax. So, I understand that, but I did want to make it clear that the local authority itself is not losing out on that. So, we are looking at a range of pieces of evidence to see where that would best be placed, and what arrangements people who do flip to business rates have to do in order to be a business in order to do that. You'll know yourself that there's real complexity about what we call 'second homes' and who occupies them. So, for example, we know that very large numbers of medical personnel who work in the west and south-west of Wales come from other parts of Wales and occupy houses in the west and south-west of Wales during the week in order to be able to work in NHS services, for example. We certainly wouldn't want to discourage those kinds of uses.
You will know that I have a lot of sympathy with people who can't buy housing for youngsters in the villages in which they grew up in. One of the big ways of solving that is, of course, to build the right kind of social or shared equity or co-operative or—there are lots of different ways of doing it—community land trust-type housing, which allows there to be a public share of some sort in that housing so that it can't be built and then sold on the private market for astronomical sums. We do, unfortunately, have examples around Wales where houses have been built for that purpose with every good intention and then plans have changed and those houses have been sold on the open market for really quite eye-watering amounts of money. So, we do need to find a way of protecting that housing for local people going forward, and not just for the first-time buyer. You'll know that we're looking at a range of measures that allow us to do that. The Scottish example is a really good one to keep an eye on. When some of those experiments were tried, unfortunately, down in St Ives in Cornwall, some of them had really unintended consequences on the local housing market in terms of driving up the prices of pre-loved houses, or whatever the word you want to use is—older houses in the area—and actually having a worse effect than the original market did.
We're very keen to work across party on a range of solutions to this. We know it's a big issue, especially in the west of Wales, and some of the reasons that we all love Wales, how very beautiful Wales is, are some of the reasons that are driving this. But we do know that one of the highest second house issues for any council in Wales is in Cardiff, and of course, that's because people come into the city to work in the week and go away again. We will want to see what the effects of more remote working and homeworking are on some of those issues as well. But I do understand the issue that you raise, and you'll know that we're doing a large amount of work on looking to see what the most effective way of solving some of the problems is.