Thank you very much, Dirprwy Lywydd, and may I thank everyone who's contributed to today's debate? And it's clear in hearing the enthusiastic words from all parts of the Siambr that we all have opportunities here in the Siambr to collaborate beyond the collaboration agreement that we have as a Government with Plaid Cymru, but with all parts of the Siambr to ensure the prosperity of the Welsh language, and to ensure that we do everything that we can as a Government, and also the other bodies that we work with as partners, to ensure that we do our very best to reach the target of a million Welsh speakers by 2050, and, of course, that other important aim of doubling the use of the Welsh language over the same period. And I'm sure that Members will have heard the emphasis that I placed in my opening speech on the use of the Welsh language as a policy lens for me as Minister for the Welsh language. 

Sam Kurtz and Cefin Campbell raised the important question: 'Are you sure that you are doing everything that needs to be done at the moment? Are you still making enough progress towards a million Welsh speakers and that important aim in terms of Welsh Government policy?' Well, the first opportunity for us to evaluate that in terms of data will arise next year with the census, and we'll all need to look at the important results of that. Several surveys in the meantime have shown progress, but it's on the basis of those numbers that we expect to be evaluated. So, there'll be an opportunity for all of us to look jointly at this on the progress next year, and there'll be an opportunity at that point to look again at the work programme that I announced during the summer. And that programme describes the steps that we intend to take as a Government, after I came into the role in May, over the next five years, to ensure that we are on track to reach that target of a million Welsh speakers.

In terms of whether that work programme is sufficient, there is no analysis in the commissioner's report of the work programme itself. I would welcome and appreciate an assessment of that contribution. Many of the points that the commissioner raises in the report are answered in that work programme, so I would welcome a further analysis of what we have already announced during the summer term. 

In terms of the wider points that Sam Kurtz made in terms of whether we're doing everything we can, I just want to emphasise that the focus on the use of the language is a very important one, I think, because it drives every other intervention that we can make as a Government, in terms of funding, in terms of collaborating with partners. Everything that we do, in terms of regulation, encouragement and promotion is an important part of the entire picture, but we need to ensure that that leads to greater daily use in our communities, in our workplaces, and within our families. I think that that focus is a very important one over the coming period, to ensure that we do make progress. 

Sam Kurtz mentioned a perception amongst the public that the standards and other regulations are increasing access to Welsh language services, and that of course is to be welcomed. The opportunity now is to move beyond that perception to being able to have a more robust conclusion based on data and analysis of that. There are no new data in the report that we're discussing today, and I would like to understand better the numbers of people who are using services. The point that Cefin Campbell made is very important in that regard, namely the confidence and ability to do that, but we need to have a better understanding than we currently have of the numbers of people who are using these services. The report itself says, of course, that that is fewer than the number of people who can speak Welsh, and I am pleased that we were able to collaborate with the commissioner to understand that picture more clearly, and the important point that Cefin Campbell made in his contribution in terms of understanding the barriers that mean that people don't request those services through the medium of Welsh, or that organisations can't provide them in the way that we would want. That understanding of the barriers is crucial, I believe, to the process of ensuring that the standards do what we want them to do.

Cefin Campbell asked a specific point on the barriers in terms of the process of setting standards. I think that was the thrust of the question. The process of establishing and imposing the standards, as it has evolved, hasn't tended towards a simple process. That is, there are steps that the commissioner has to take, further steps that we need to take as a Government, and the bodies that expect to be subject to these standards are then in a growing process and a continuous process of contribution and consultation. So, I don't think that's the best way of doing this. We've had a discussion and we continue to have discussions with the commissioner—a constructive discussion—about how we can ensure that that process is simpler, so that we can set standards that do their job more simply and easier in future, and, of course, that's part of the agreement that the Welsh Government has with Plaid Cymru, as well as the questions that Cefin Campbell asked with regard to standards for transport, water companies, health regulators and housing associations. I look forward to discussing that further with him.

But may I thank the commissioner for his work? May I thank all of the organisations and campaigners who make such an important contribution to the prosperity of the Welsh language and that help us towards our shared aim of a million Welsh speakers by 2050 and doubling the use of the language every day?