The Welsh Government's persistent per-pupil shortfall between Wales and other parts of the UK is also just not good enough. But it's not surprising from a party that made us the only country in the UK to have ever cut an education budget. Until the recent budget, for every £1 spent in England, Wales receives £1.20. As a result, education spending per pupil in Wales should be at least £1,000 more compared to England.

Children have suffered a lot during this pandemic, with their education, mental health and important milestone changes. My own two-year-old missed out on meeting new children of his age nearby due to baby classes being cancelled. My other son wasn't able to celebrate his last year in primary school. Lots of milestones and nativity plays and important occasions were missed out on—trivial, you may think, but it all has had an impact on the children and parents by not going ahead.

The lack of electronic devices and bad broadband are also major problems and barriers to learning that the pandemic has highlighted, amongst many other inequalities across this country. The pandemic has also thrown up and highlighted major problems of safety of children, and of the quality of education that children can receive at home. Also, the pandemic has made us all realise just how important school and school life is, not just in terms of education, but for the mental health of our children.

Many home schooled children do well, and it works for some families, including a colleague of mine, but there is now a worrying rise in home education, and I say 'worrying' as recently it is often being done by parents as a reaction to having to wear masks in schools, or worries about the virus, not as a choice about what is best for their children, their education, their family and future prospects. Due to this trend, I'd be very interested to hear stats from the Minister as to how this Government measure how qualified these parents wanting to do home schooling now are, how regular inspections are, how progress is monitored, and whether there'll be anything done to encourage re-enrolling into schools. As recent data shows, 4,000 five to 15-year-olds in 2021 were home schooled, up 60 per cent from 2018-19. This is clearly a steep rise, so I look forward to hearing from the Minister how he's going to address this urgently. 

I welcome this year's increase in the education budget, but still wonder if it will be enough really to claw back the time missed and to deal with all the numerous, massive changes we are seeing in education at the moment, namely, the new curriculum, the Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Bill, ventilation adaptations, mental health, and I could go on. We welcome the money for ventilation adaptations, but some degree of urgency needs to be attached to it as we're still seeing children sitting in coats and jackets in freezing temperatures, with all the windows and doors open in our schools and colleges. This is simply not right—not right for their well-being, and not sustainable.

Another major concern and impact of the pandemic has been the increase in waiting times for children to be seen by an neurodevelopmental treatment specialist. There is currently a two-year-plus waiting list for children to see an NDT specialist, which is storing up significant issues for the future, and, in my opinion, putting children's learning and life chances at significant risk. Without the NDT appointments we have children who are being clinically identified as autistic or having ADHD, resulting in poorer levels of understanding and provision, thus creating a scenario where children are simply not being adequately supported to thrive, which I know teachers are finding extremely frustrating. Personally, I don't think this is good enough in this day and age. We must get these fundamental things right before we look to headline-grabbing schemes. 

I welcome recent moneys being put towards this, and the changes to the system to identify, but we cannot let any more children slip through the net. This couldn't be more urgent, particularly, as was said in the education questions earlier, for vulnerable children. Their vulnerabilities are only being exacerbated by this pandemic, so it is vital that we get support in place and that this is sped up for children.

One of the main concerns we all share, as is apparent from the amendment, is children and young people's mental health, and staff too. Whilst schools are able to use the Recruit, Recover, Raise Standards money to support children through targeted well-being issues, the wider concern is where schools go from there, as without the clinical support for children with significant mental health issues, we're simply putting sticking plasters over a gaping wound. There needs to be a root-and-branch review of child and adolescent mental health services in Wales. This is not a 'now' problem, but one that will have consequences for generations.

I find it concerning that, recently, the focus of this Government has been all wrong: new sexuality education that erases women, the left-wing rehashing of our history that's about to be introduced to our children, and a new curriculum that teachers still have no clear guidance on how to implement.

Another concerning impact for our children in terms of current restrictions here in Wales is face masks in classrooms. UK Government evidence and even Welsh scientific advisers have said that they make minimal difference in classrooms. But because this Government are too scared to stand up to the unions and heed scientific advice, our children are still having to wear masks in classrooms all day. This can have a detrimental impact on learning and learners, with it restricting communication between teachers and pupils and pupil-to-pupil communication. It is also deeply uncomfortable and restrictive to wear them for hours on end.

Surely, there needs to be a 'balance of harms' approach here with the decision coming from the top, as it will put our schools and local authorities in difficult positions otherwise. Given the strength of feeling on masks from either camp, I think that this decision should be made nationally. Having taken many different approaches, it will do pupils no favours and create disparities across the nation, upset as well confusion. I would say to the Minister that some things require local solutions, but issues such as face masks require—demand, actually—a national approach.

Of course, there will be local school-by-school solutions to many things, as I've said, but the feedback that I'm getting is that this Government needs to have more leadership, more detail in what is being asked of schools and children, a greater effort to speed up the help for significant concerns over children's mental health, and address the waiting times for additional learning needs, for those waiting right now to be identified as soon as possible so that they get the specialist help that they need. This needs to be urgently addressed.

We're now at the stage where we need more than just commitment; we need detailed plans for reform and support. Schools need to know the parameters in which they're working and education provision needs to be equal. Action is needed now more than ever to avert further disruption to our learners' education and to avert the mental health crisis in our schools, with the impact of increased social media as well as many other factors during lockdown starting to now show. The mental health impact on our children and young people is one that will last for decades.

I urge Members across this Chamber to support our motion today and thank all of you in advance for contributing to this important debate. It's important that we have the opportunity to debate these crucial educational concerns that we all have. Thank you.