Can I thank the Member and also say that I recognise his powerful advocacy of active travel over many years? Now, in terms of modal shift, it’s a crucial element of the inquiry being able to drill into all of the data and the predicted flow of traffic. The M4 project is being developed, as I’ve already said, together with our plans for the metro and electrification. Together they can deliver a long-term sustainable and integrated transport system. They will also benefit from planned park-and-ride facilities as well as park-and-cycle schemes. For example, new M4 junctions are being planned to co-ordinate with existing and planned public transport measures, such as train stations and park-and-ride facilities. I should focus in on some of the data that have already been published, which really draw quite a stark contrast between doing nothing and constructing a relief road. The 2013 M4 project ‘Public Transport Overview’ report identified that, even if there was to be a 100 per cent increase in public transport usage across the Newport area, this would lead to less than a 5 per cent decrease in traffic flows on the M4 around Newport. That said, active travel is going to be crucially important to managing traffic and to managing congestion in the future in our towns and in our cities right across Wales. So, I’m very keen to work with Sustrans in order to maximise the potential of the M4 to create park-and-cycle opportunities for commuters in order to make sure that Wales becomes a more healthy and active nation.

In terms of some of the environmental issues that the Member has touched on, with the preferred black route that the Government has proposed, more than half of that route is on brownfield land. Less than 2 per cent of the area of the Gwent levels SSSI is actually needed, and impacts would be mitigated. Presiding Officer, I am able to say today that we’ve identified £45 million within the project, which will be spent on environmental measures, not just to mitigate the impact of the proposed black route but, indeed, to enhance the environment.