Can I thank Caroline for her questions? The first evaluation that we've had of the Seren network made a recommendation that we should look to bring Seren earlier into a child's schooling career and I think there are real benefits and the network is well placed to do that. For instance, in choosing GCSE subjects, that can have a profound effect on a student's ability to go on and study things later on, so if we don't get the advice right at the end of year 9, a student may unwittingly cut off particular paths to themselves. So, actually, having that support in earlier, I think, will be beneficial, so we will pilot it. We want to walk before we can run. We are still developing our Seren network programme for the 16-plus learners, but I do think we don't need to wait to get that perfect before we can learn the principles and apply it earlier on in the schooling.

Caroline, I'm not going to rehearse again today why I absolutely reject selection at 11. I reject it. This Government rejects it. All the evidence—I just quoted the Sutton Trust—you know, independent researchers like that tell us that selection is not a way in which we can promote equity and excellence for all students, so I'm going to gloss over that because I'm never going to be convinced of those arguments because the evidence is simply not there to back it up.

However, you are absolutely right that we need to be very open with students about a wide variety of opportunities that can be taken. You will be aware of my remit letter to the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, where we are working with HEFCW and further education to develop degree-led apprenticeships. I met a young man yesterday at Y Pant. I think he's in year 8, and he'd been to the University of South Wales and he had seen some activities in the University of South Wales, and I said, 'What do you think?' and he said, 'Well, I think I might go to university now, but I don't know because I might do an apprenticeship.' And I said, 'Actually, by the time you get there, we won't make you choose, because you will be able to do both. You will be able to gain a very practical, high-level apprenticeship, and you will do that at a higher education institute, as we develop our degree-level apprenticeships. You won't have to choose.' I think that's what we need to do, and we are funding and working with HEFCW to develop those programmes in conjunction with the FE sector. 

You're absolutely right: we need to ensure that those children who are aspiring to go to some of our universities but in particular aspiring to do certain courses, especially around medicine, are given advice on what kind of exams and what kind of aptitude tests they need to sit alongside their A-levels. That's part of the job that the Seren network has. It has specific streams for people looking, for instance, to go into medicine or go into veterinary science, and they get very specific advice about what they need to do alongside their A-levels to give them the chance of getting into those places. That's the job of the network. And that's the difference that I'm told that Seren is making. A teacher said to me yesterday, 'Seren is allowing us to give our children what those people who went to private schools always had, that extra leg up, that inside advice, that support to make those applications be successful applications', and we are now doing that for all of our children.