Can I thank Russell George for his questions, and assure him that we are most certainly not going back to square one? And that’s why we are able to ask the commission to bring forward recommendations within a period of six months from being convened. We’re not going back to square one, because all of the traffic flow models, all of the assessment, all of the analysis of 28 plus proposals now exist. The inspector’s report is comprehensive and provides an assessment of each and every one of those 28 proposals. However, the commission will be free to consider alternative and additional proposals. The commission will be established with expertise from the transport field in which to do so. And, therefore, the money has not been wasted. Indeed, when you compare the proportion of the cost for the development of the M4 against other major road schemes, the developments cost as a proportion are actually very favourable—they amount to 6.3 per cent. In contrast, Llywydd, the A487 Caernarfon-Bontnewydd bypass was 9.4 per cent, the A465 section 3, 9.8 per cent, the A40, 11.5 per cent.

Projects cannot be developed for free, and it's only right and proper in a democratic process that a full opportunity is given to the public to scrutinise the Government's case. The Government's case was strong and compelling, as was shown by the inspector, but times have moved on quite considerably since 2016, when we pledged to construct a relief road, and it's my determination now to move forward at pace with alternatives and a combination—not just one potential intervention, but possibly a combination of interventions, many of which may be contained within the 28 that were presented to the inspector, and to move ahead with them at great speed.

I can tell Members today, regarding the timetable for putting together and inviting the commission to report, that we'll see members appointed—they will be agreed between the chair and me—before the summer recess. Their work will commence as soon as possible after that date, but I will be meeting with the chair on Monday to discuss the work and the inspector's report and the assessment and the analysis that has taken place already. As I said in the statement, I expect an interim report within 6 months, but I've been very keen and clear in saying to the chair and to the public that, if the commission is able to bring forward viable suggestions that can be delivered in the short term, immediately, within that six-month period, then it should do so without delay.

Now, Russell George asked the very important question of whether the recommendations will be binding. They will be considered by Government, but they will be conditional on them showing value for money. I do not wish to waste public money on projects that will not deliver. They will also have to be affordable, given, not least, the position of the First Minister on the M4 black route, where it was judged to be unaffordable. And then, thirdly, they must be deliverable. We saw during the course of the public inquiry some suggestions proposed, including a very, very lengthy tunnel that would not be deliverable. We wish to see deliverable solutions implemented.

Russell George is also right when he points to the 4 per cent figure concerning how many people we can take off the M4 and utilise public transport. Public transport could be part of the mix of interventions, and that's why I've said that we're not just looking at one single solution, one magic bullet; we're looking at potentially a combination, and a combination of solutions that may have to be sequenced in a certain way.

In terms of the fast-tracked interventions that I have detailed in my written statement, I'm pleased to say that we are in a position now, having tested some of those interventions on the A55, to move ahead with them immediately now on the M4. And where we have introduced them on the A55, I think they've proven to be very successful indeed in alleviating congestion quicker when incidents and accidents occur. And insofar as the question of whether a major piece of new road infrastructure would be considered, well I've said to the commission chair that his remit should be broad; he should be able to consider, with the people that will be appointed alongside him, road-based solutions, but they must meet the bar that has been set by the First Minister. They must be affordable and they must not contribute significantly to climate change. They are fundamental positions that will not shift during the process of the next six months.