2. How does the Government reconcile the work of Cwmni Egino on the development of nuclear power stations with the requirements of the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015? OQ58372

Llywydd, Cwmni Egino has been established to redevelop the former Trawsfynydd power station site. As stipulated in the company's remit letter, the requirements of the well-being of future generations Act will be integral to its assessment of all potential projects.

Thank you for that response, First Minister. Now, if the first people to leave the African continent 80,000 years ago had mined for uranium and developed nuclear energy, then we would be continuing to deal with the waste today, because thorium-230, which is found in the tailings of uranium works, has a half life of 80,000 years. Plutonium-239, possibly the most dangerous element to humanity, has a half life of 24,000 years. Mankind will have developed into a new species and we will be continuing to pay for the maintenance work in making nuclear waste produced today safe. If we're producing this waste, isn't it our responsibility to deal with it, rather than leaving 140 tonnes of radioactive waste, the largest store in the world, to stand in Sellafield in Cumbria? And would you be happy to have a nuclear power station and waste centre here in Cardiff?

Llywydd, the points that the Member raised are important. Of course, any possibilities for the future for the nuclear power industry will have to deal with the problems that arise with nuclear waste. But that isn't going to be a new problem for Trawsfynydd, is it? We've had a nuclear industry in Trawsfynydd for many years, so that problem has arisen previously—we're not creating a new problem through the possibilities that Cwmni Egino is discussing now in relation to that site. And there is more than one possibility that arises in the context of Trawsfynydd as well. I'm eager to see the plan to create the only medical isotope facility in the UK being established in Trawsfynydd. So, I'm not sure whether the Member is just against everything we're trying to do in Trawsfynydd in principle, or whether he is suggesting, as I see things, that the important thing is to think about the possibilities and about the people who live locally and to be careful as we move ahead with our ideas, but to work on the practical things that arise when you try to recreate possibilities on a site that has been used for nuclear power over many years already.

On a much lighter note of optimism, I would like to agree with the core aims of Cwmni Egino, to help exploit the economic benefits of small modular reactors and associated technologies at Trawsfynydd. Now, you may be aware, First Minister, that I have been sceptical about the progress on this. It was announced on 30 September 2020, and yet, practical milestone targets were not immediately set. And then we had to wait a further 18 months before a long-term chief executive, Alan Raymant, was appointed. However, I'm sure, First Minister, that you will join with me in applauding his aim of making Trawsfynydd the first small modular reactor site in the UK. As the chief executive has said himself, this is boosted by having both the UK and Welsh Governments backing nuclear in north-west Wales. Costs and funding are key, and have been the Achilles's heel of previous projects in Wales. The UK Government has introduced the Nuclear Energy (Financing) Act 2022 and Great British Nuclear, which can help with finance, but can you outline, First Minister, what financial incentives the Welsh Government and Cwmni Egino are considering making available to help ensure that an SMR certainly gets off the ground in Trawsfynydd? Diolch. 

Well, Llywydd, I too am glad that work is going ahead to try to make use of the Trawsfynydd site, and to exploit new technologies that may be useful to us in the future. None of that is to set to one side the important points that Mabon ap Gwynfor raised about the legacy of nuclear waste and making sure that, as we plan for the future, we take all of that properly into account. Small nuclear reactors have a different set of possibilities claimed for them. They're not a technology that is ready to be deployed today, and they may not be a technology ready to be deployed for some time, and Trawsfynydd, in any case, is a site where the work that needs to be done to deal with previous nuclear activity there has to be completed before new uses for that site can be confirmed. And that's what Cwmni Egino is focused on at the moment, making sure it's working with the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority to create circumstances in which future uses for that site can be properly brought forward, and, as I said in my original answer, those are not confined to the SMR field. I am particularly keen to see the work go forward on the medical isotopes possibility. The UK has no medical isotopes facility of our own. It didn't matter while we were in the European Union; it matters a great deal to us now. Using the expertise that is available and the opportunities that the site offers to do more in that area, and to give the UK resilience in that field, is a real opportunity for that part of Wales.

I agree, of course, with what Janet Finch-Saunders said about the fact that problems in the past of cost and funding have been endemic in this field. The Japanese company Hitachi, who worked to bring the second site in Anglesey into being, spent £2 billion before its board decided it couldn't go on investing with no prospect of that development coming to fruition. So, she's right to say that the UK Government has a record that isn't encouraging to any investor in this field, and when we finally get a UK Government capable of making decisions of this sort, then I hope we will get a better deal out of them than we have hitherto. 

First Minister, nuclear is a small part of our energy-generation prospect in Wales. With our natural resources, we can offer great potential to generate renewable energy from wind, wave and tide. With that in mind, First Minister, would you agree with me how very disappointing it was to see only four projects from Wales finding success in the latest UK Government Contracts for Difference funding round, and, of those four, only one successful tidal stream project? 

Well, Llywydd, I very much agree with all parts of Joyce Watson's supplementary question. I entirely agree myself that the major contributor to Wales's energy future should be renewable energy and making use of all the fantastic natural resources that Wales has at our disposal. And it was disappointing, earlier this month, when the UK Government announced the outcome of its Contracts for Difference round 4, that Wales had only four projects confirmed in that bidding round. Twenty-four for Scotland, far, far more for England, and only four here in Wales. And as Joyce Watson says, of the four that were approved, only one was in marine technology, the other three were in established technologies. We welcomed the fact that the UK Government was going to provide some additional funding in this space, but £20 million was never going to be enough to do the things that we need to see here in Wales. I'm glad, of course, that one tidal stream project was successful, up at Morlais, but we know that there were other projects in that innovative space that would create the renewable energy of the future. We will work with the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, following the announcement, to see why those other projects were not funded in the way we would want to have seen and to urge the UK Government to invest more in this space, because we will get far more back for that investment and far more quickly than some of the failed projects that they've invested in with no return in the past.