Questions now from party spokespeople. Conservative spokesman first, Samuel Kurtz.

Thank you, Llywydd. Happy new year to you, Minister. I'm sure that you are as concerned as I am about the decrease in the use of the Welsh language in the report outlined in the census results for 2021. In your response to a question from Heledd Fychan on this issue before Christmas, you said that some data sources show an increase in the use of the Welsh language, whilst others, including the census, show a decline. This inconsistency in the data is a problem because we need accurate information to make good decisions about the future of the language. 

Bearing that in mind, what is the Welsh Government doing to ensure that all of the methods of gathering data are accurate and consistent, and on the basis of what data should we judge the success of 'Cymraeg 2050'?

A very important question, if I may say so. The census has shown a decrease, particularly among schoolchildren between the ages of five and 15, and that's a cause of concern. But, as the Member said in his question, that's not the only data source that we have. The annual population survey shows that there's been an increase over the same period, and that's the first time that the two sources have shown a different direction over the same period. So, that's an important part of the broader landscape.

It's not the Welsh Government that gathers the data; that is done by the Office for National Statistics. They gather the data for both sources. So, the First Minister has written to the national statistician about these differences to see what we can do to understand what underpins that, and I look forward to seeing the ONS working with our statisticians within Government on the issue. And the Member is quite right in saying that, in order to have an evidence base that is reliable for drawing up policy, we need to understand why different sources show different things. The way the data is collected, and the questions asked, are different in both data sets. So, that, certainly, is part of the explanation, but we need to understand the broader context too. 

Thank you for your response. It's important for us here, and everyone who wants the language to succeed, to be able to scrutinise the policies and the data used to support them. Local authorities use data to measure the success of their Welsh in education strategic plans, or WESPs, as we heard earlier. If the data is unreliable, it could frustrate their attempts to increase the number of Welsh speakers. During a committee meeting, you said that you can't make it a requirement for local authorities to meet their targets or their commitments under the WESPs, but that perhaps you would try to give greater authority and accountability to yourself through a Welsh-medium education Bill, if possible. If this legislation is passed, what powers do you intend to give yourself to ensure that these WESPs succeed? 

Well, just in terms of gathering data at a local level—it is important, of course, as the Member said—there is a piece of work happening already with a small group of local authorities to understand, for example, in the context of the language skills of the local education workforce, what that looks like in terms of the local footprint, and how we can standardise that data nationally, so that we have a broader picture. That's just one example. So, there is some work ongoing in terms of standardising the methods of collecting and analysing that data. 

In terms of your further question, that's part of the discussion that we're currently having with Plaid Cymru on the content of the Bill. Of course, I will be eager to ensure that that is discussed publicly as soon as possible, and the intention is to have a White Paper before we legislate, so that there's an opportunity for a broader discussion on the kinds of powers that would be appropriate for the Government to hold in that context.

Thank you, Minister. Both of us want to see the Welsh language being used confidently and naturally in every situation, for example, in this Senedd, on the street or in the classroom. Unfortunately, this doesn't always happen. For example, it was only online that the final full Pembrokeshire county council meeting could be held in December because real-time interpretation wasn't available. And, also, previous council meetings have been hindered, with Welsh speaking councillors being forced to speak in English because the bilingual interpretation services in the chamber were causing significant delay in terms of real-time translation.

It's a requirement according to the law for local authorities to provide translation services. So, how will the Welsh Government ensure that the Welsh language is being used confidently and naturally in county councils and community councils across Wales? Thank you.

Well, local councils have legal requirements in that context of course. So, there is already a system in place to ensure that standards are complied with locally. So, that's already in place, so people do have rights, and those rights should be implemented. One of the things that we've been doing as a Government—and he mentioned that question of face-to-face meetings and online meetings—we've been working as a Government to support innovation in that area, so that we can ensure the broadest range possible of ways of holding meetings where the Welsh language is a core part of that. So, recently, we've taken forward work with Microsoft so that there's now functionality in Teams, as there was in Zoom—and lots of public bodies do use Teams rather than Zoom—and it's now possible to have interpretation through Teams. And this is the first place in the world that this has happened. And in light of our work with Microsoft, any international organisation working bilingually, in any part of the world, will now be able to take advantage of that flexibility. So, digital innovation to ensure that a range of meetings can happen is a very important part of expanding use in people's daily lives in the way they live now.

Plaid Cymru spokesperson, Sioned Williams.

Thank you, Llywydd. The majority of specialist disability assessments for university students who are eligible for the devolved disabled student allowance are currently held in specialist assessment centres in Wales, who understand the needs of university students in Wales, and the devolved landscape of higher education in Wales. These experts are in assessment centres that are located in the disability services of universities in Wales, and they're experienced staff who understand the Welsh disability support systems and the courses and the educational environments that the Welsh students are part of. And so, the allowance is being targeted in a personal way to the need of every individual student—something that the Welsh Government has recommended as best practice. The DSA in Wales is provided by the Student Loans Company through Student Finance Wales, and they are in the process of tendering DSA services, including assessments, currently. Although the DSA has been devolved, it appears that Wales has been thrown into a zone with the west of England and the east midlands for the tendering process, which will, to all intents and purposes, mean that the DSA assessment services could be taken out of the hands of these Welsh experts, perhaps leading to disadvantage for our students. So, I'd like to know why the Welsh Government has allowed Wales to be treated like this in the tendering process, and what part the Minister has had in the process, in order to ensure that the opportunities for students with disabilities in Wales aren't endangered, and specialist businesses in Wales aren't under a disadvantage. I'd also like to know how the Welsh-medium requirements of disabled students will be assessed correctly with regard to their disabilities if an organisation outside Wales, without any specialist information about the educational landscape in Wales, and no knowledge of language commitments and practice, wins the tender.

Well, I thank the Member for raising this important question. I don't know the answer to her question, if I'm entirely honest, but it appears to me that I do need to look into this. It's clearly an important issue, and clearly any barrier to students in Wales having full and equal access to their rights, and certainly in terms of benefits, is very important. So, I will commit to looking into that.

Thank you very much. Many of us were present at the rally organised by the National Union of Students Wales on the Senedd steps in December, and I know, Minister, that you called by to speak to the students, who told us terrifying stories about their difficulties with the cost of transport, energy bills, rent, food bills, and so on. And I've raised with you before how FE and HE students and those in training are being impacted in a unique way by the cost-of-living crisis, because they're not eligible for the majority of support payments available and they're not in a situation to be able to increase their income. And so, it was disappointing that the Welsh Government's draft budget didn't tackle this, despite the serious impact of increased costs on students. Minister, how will the Government ensure that students and post-16 learners of all kinds will be supported beyond the funding support package?

And focusing on apprenticeships particularly, with an increasing number of young people being drawn into national minimum wage posts or national living wage posts without training, what is the Welsh Government doing to support apprentices during the cost-of-living crisis, particularly those on the national minimum wage for apprentices of only £4.81 an hour?

I thank the Member for that important question. I had a very detailed conversation with the students that had come to campaign outside the Senedd, and it was important to have that opportunity to hear their concerns directly in terms of cost-of-living pressures.

In FE and in HE, the Government has a range of things that we're doing to support students. In terms of FE, we continue with the education maintenance allowance. We're ensuring that there is a means to expand the reach of EMA, to ensure that people can apply in-year if their circumstances change, and can ask for backdating in terms of their eligibility for that benefit. We are also continuing with the financial contingency fund. I stated in the Senedd recently that I intend to increase that. That's still the intention. That's an important way of ensuring that colleges can support students who are facing hardship. 

In terms of higher education, we have a range of ways in which we support students. We have the most supportive financial support package in Wales of any part of the UK. As part of that, I will be announcing in the next weeks the increase in the level of support that will come to students. I intend to do that before the end of the month, hopefully. Every student in Wales is eligible for a minimum grant, and then there's a combination of grant and loans available to top that up. We are the only part of the UK that is reducing the student debt level when they start paying that back, by around £1,500. We are doing that. We've also announced a further fund for HEFCW to distribute to students in terms of support for financial support services and mental health care services. So, there are a number of ways in which we are seeking to support students, as well as the work that the institutions themselves do on the campus and off campus to support students. But, certainly, the pressure on some students is very significant indeed.

There is a particular challenge facing students coming from aboard who don't benefit from the financial support we give as a Government. There is some evidence that we can expect to see more and more of those applying for hardship funding. So, certainly, and I heard it myself from those students in the Senedd, that the situation can be very difficult for them.