Thank you. I welcome the committee report. Public transport is a lifeline for many, ensuring that nobody is left behind. It's a social issue, as well as maintaining access to work. I know in rural areas the bus journey for regular passengers is where they enjoy a social chat with each other and the driver, and we've heard at the culture and sports committee that public transport is essential to ensure fair access to swimming pools and sports clubs. Access to medical appointments is one of the biggest concerns for residents.

But running bus transport is expensive. It needs to integrate with school transport to help subsidise the journeys for the rest of the day, and I'm aware that the Learner Travel Measure (Wales) 2008 is being reviewed, but we need to understand the cost and resource issue. At the Local Government and Housing Committee last week, the leader of the Welsh Local Government Association spoke about the daily issue of ensuring there are enough operators to fulfil school transport contracts and make sure no child is left behind. There's been a 40 per cent price increase, creating a massive budget pressure. I'm still a bit concerned that CJCs will be able to deliver transport, which is hugely complex. One local authority had 450 contracts, 350 are school, and officers have good daily communication with operators, helping them to maintain services when they may be about to collapse, or asking them to step in last minute when needed. Accountability is important, ensuring that no child or vulnerable adult is left behind.

Procurement of buses is expensive as well. They vary from £350,000 to £450,000 for one bus, and a service can cost between £350,000 to £700,000 to run. If journeys are not commercial, they stop, and that's when councils have stepped in with subsidies, but three councils have already withdrawn subsidies over the last few years during austerity, and I'm aware that many more have put them on the table this year as cost savings. So, that will need to be considered. If Welsh Government, through Transport for Wales, could help with procurement, using scale of purchase, it could help with sustainability for operators and local authorities or CJCs commissioning services. And I know that's something that the Deputy Minister is maybe looking at.

Residents like a scheduled bus service, but many are having to accept change, and the Fflecsi bus service, which is operating in north Wales, is being welcomed and it seems to be working really well once residents and passengers accept change. Reliability and clear timetabling is important to encourage people to use bus transport and to have faith in them. One bad experience can put them off altogether. And one bus timetable change by an operator can mean 150 bus stops then have to be updated, which is really labour intensive and forced on local authorities who do not have resources. So, franchising, going forward, will be really helpful with that, because they can commission services for a longer time, where operators won't change and cut them in-year. So, that will be really welcome. A friendly, helpful bus driver and rail platform assistant is invaluable and makes all the difference in people having confidence to use public transport, especially if they have physical or mental difficulties, and that was discussed this morning on the radio as well.

Recruitment and retention of drivers is an issue. Arriva Wales pay drivers less in Wales, under their contract, which is unfair and causes an issue, because they cross the border and pass colleagues on a daily basis, and it's something unions are trying to sort out. If local authorities are able to get an operator's licence, which is something that some have looked at in the past, then their street scene driver operatives could maybe get a licence and training to become bus drivers and fill in gaps left behind by operators if we're going to look for that franchising model with local authorities stepping in as well. There's still an overcrowding issue on north Wales trains, but I'm pleased to see the mark 4 back on the service. Fantastic. They've been refurbished. And more rail services have been promised.

The current rail workers' strikes are not just about wages, but ensuring that lines and signals are maintained by experienced, qualified operatives, and that there are guards on trains and adequate platform staff to ensure the safety of all passengers, and that's why I support the strikes and the negotiations that are taking place.

Integrated fares that can be used across operators are also important, as well as maintaining cross-border transport, as we have an open border. And I really welcome the 1Bws ticket—I think it was last year that was used as a model, and it was really welcomed—which can be used across different operators. The railway network needs to be better funded. We need this £5 billion from HS2. The rail network has never been self-funded, ever since it was developed, because when railway lines were built they competed with each other right from the beginning and didn't cover the whole area.

I know Welsh Government wants to introduce fairer fares. It would be great to have a universal one-price ticket; I think you might have to look at this £1 to subsidise others. But I understand we need to get the network in place first, and I welcome all the commitment from Welsh Government and the Deputy Minister and all his efforts in trying to resolve this, along with Transport for Wales. Thank you.